Elee Kraljii Gardiner converses via document
with London-based poet Khairani Barokka about her second book of poems, Ultimatum Orangutan. Described by Ilya Kaminsky as one of “planetary poetics”, the
collection considers ecosystems that move beyond biology and include language,
indigeneity, disability and the non-human.
Elee Kraljii Gardiner: Okka, few books manage to
find a title that works in one language, nevermind two. Can you share your
thinking about the title?
Khairani Barokka: Having a bilingual title
was a puzzle I loved finding the answer to. ‘Ultimatum’ here refers to the
urgent, urgent, urgent need for colonial capitalism to end, lest extinction
cover the world in a gaspless smothering even more, as it already has for centuries.
‘Orangutan’ is a compound word deriving from two Indonesian words: ‘orang’
means person or people, and ‘utan’ means forest. So when people say
‘orangutan’, they are speaking of the respect we give the animal, regarding
them as peoples of the forest. And in a way, they are also referring to
Indigenous peoples, unknowingly.
EKG: You develop the themes of orangutan>King Kong>cultural
survival>disability>belonging>responsibility through the theme of
colonialism and Indigenous survival so fluidly that the flow of the book
exemplifies how these are multi-valenced ideas, overlapping systems. Even here
in “Eropa” the orangutan slips into the poem camouflaged in sound.
There is no you without an
us, oratorios
diminished from which the
wealth is wrought,
spices and infants traded
over raucous dinners,
doctors inspecting our
bodies as curios.
What was your process for sequencing the collection, both
practically and theoretically?
KB: Ha, thank you for that insight into the sonic presence ‘orangutan’
may have in ‘Eropa’. I don’t see any of the themes or categories you described
as separate, ever. Thinking or feeling about them never lives in what I call my
soulbody as separate. Yet we live in a world where they are treated as though
separate, and that is a form of violence--that white gaze, that categorisation,
that Maria Lugones (rest in peace) wrote of with respect to colonial naming and
gender. So thank you also for recognising that continuity in the poetry. I
think the sequencing of the poems in the book really came together once I’d
written, last year, the titular poem, and once I understood the Terjaga
(Indonesian word for ‘protected’ and also ‘awoken’) sections, which were
originally one continuous four-part poem, to be section markers, in a sense.
And then it’s about feeling out the musicality of how each poem ends and
begins, and what parts harmonise so they can lead into the other, not just in
affect but in content.
EKG: In “epitaph” is a couplet that is both an ars poetica and (what
feels like) a survival strategy:
whole languages dying while
i hypocritically write in one
I refuse to speak with my
mother.
The poem “barmouth” dreams of this resistance:
i close my eyes and imagine
a bajau boy
who knows how to hold his
breath until
the body quietly demands
inhalation, who could survive
floods, heat, and isolation
in white spaces
simply by going for the
swims that are birthright,
each gulf a bay of
earth-wound spilling welkin-tint
blood, a harbour in which
to grieve and return
KB: Thank you for recognising survival strategies as part of our
linguistic choices. I wanted very much to pay my respects to Bajau communities,
without exoticising them, and I hope ‘barmouth’ approaches that ethic. I want
indigenous communities to survive in ways that reflect passed-down wisdoms,
without having to resort to selling our cultures, or having them wholly
eclipsed by others.
EKG: The poem “gives me a pass” is a visit with your dead grandmother:
someone sitting on the edge
of my bed,
looking gently at this
startled face, and at the same moment
i realise: i’d forgotten to
take my nightly medicines,
without which i might wake
in agony,
and I tell you, stranger
danger, shadow of god, gold wind,
angel-type, sparkle-shine,
djinn, my grandmother martini,
my grandmother sayang, my any-one-of-the-dead,
i thank you from the very
cavities of bones,
that perhaps you take
inventory of travelling pills
that perhaps you are
pharmacist of the vast euphonious night (p41)
That last line slays me. This poem takes place on the day you and
I met, for the first and only time (so far) face-to-face. Am I right?
KB: I’m unsure if it was the exact day, but it was definitely during
the trip I took to Vancouver during which I met you! And though some of my
poems are fictional or contain fictional elements, everything in this poem
happened to me. It’s happened a few times, as I intimate in the verse, and when
it does--this awakening when I’ve forgotten my necessary night meds, which
thankfully doesn’t happen often, accompanied by the distinct sense of a
presence sitting at the end of my bed--I always feel grateful, and a little
unnerved.
EKG: You work in many forms here: lists, an abecedarium, even a Golden
Shovel. And your consideration of sound and anaphora and allusion are such a
pleasure.
In “self-portrait as fern and stolen motorcar”, a riveting poem
about the surrealism of cars abandoned in fields, these two lines gesture
towards an integration of history and self as an artist: “there is a fern
pattern in textiles,/the fern poem on cohesion, returning.” This seems to me an
example of your facile movement from one system of knowledge into another and
your ability to transport terms and ideas into equivalences—it’s inherent, not
pedantic.
KB: Terima kasih banyak for your kind words, and I am so glad to read
your last line, as it’s exactly what I wanted for the work. I think multiple
systems of knowledge operate together all the time, especially as someone
uprooted from where you come from, trying to make sense of a new place in terms
that feel like home. In Minang culture--which is interwoven throughout Ultimatum
Orangutan, from the cover including a photo of Tanah Datar to the book
being dedicated to four of my Minangkabau elders--leaving and returning to your
home village with wisdom and resources for your community is called merantau.
And so there is at least, for me, the slightest bit of guilt alleviated in that
my travelling is also an inherent part of my culture. It’s the returning that I
think I’ll be working on my whole life, from continuously returning to
Indonesia physically to giving back to my communities in whatever ways I can.
EKG: Your previous book Indigenous Species works similar themes
of eco-destruction and cultural resistance through ideas of water and textiles
(read about it here) It is a
profoundly visual book with beautiful illustrations. Ultimatum Orangutan
also has a fantastic cover—and a text description of the cover image is in the
back for vision-impaired readers. I have never seen that before and want one in
every book!
KB: Thank you so much. Indigenous Species is available in
accessible e-book formats that contain cover descriptions; in fact, most of the
books I’ve worked on do, by virtue of having the fortune to work with indie
publishers that allow me to include them. Whether in co-editing Stairs and
Whispers: D/deaf and Disabled Poets Write Back with Sandra Alland and
Daniel Sluman, who obviously share an ethos of access, or for Rope and Ultimatum
Orangutan. I think accessible e-book versions will be more likely to
have cover descriptions, and though it isn’t always necessary to include cover
descriptions in the print versions of projects, I see it more as a reminder to
everyone that the books do exist in forms accessible to blind readers, and that
all books should.
EKG: I had such a good time at your online launch in April with the
friends and readers and translators who joined you. (Here’s a link to the launch and book site)
KB: So glad you enjoyed! I am always grasping at community, and it
meant more than you know to have such a warm, supportive launch, with friends
and family cheering on from various locations. Writing is a lonely pursuit, and
even more so for us chronically ill writers, and even more so in a pandemic,
when eugenicism is ramped up even more, and our perspectives as disabled people
(and especially disabled migrants or people from exploited populations) are
hardly evident in mainstream discourse. I’ve been fairly homesick, and when I
get to visit Jakarta again, at the end of this year, it will have been two
years. So I want to thank again Jane Commane and Angela Hicken from Nine Arches,
Vahni Capildeo, Rishi Dastidar, Fitri Nganthi Wani and Eliza Vitri Handayani
for reading their work, and everyone who attended, especially my family. It
feels nice to say I’m a part of collectives such as Malika’s Poetry Kitchen for
poetry, or Shadow Heroes for translation, or Jaringan Seni Perempuan (Women’s
Art Network) in Indonesia, or to be working on the Ceritrans project with
Indonesian creative partners. I am always learning from my peers.
EKG: I feel that in your work, Okka. Thank you for being in
conversation with me. I’m grateful for your writing and thinking on these
ideas.
Khairani Barokka is a Minang-Javanese writer and artist
from Jakarta, currently based in London, whose work has been presented widely
internationally. Her work centres disability justice as anti-colonial praxis.
She is currently Research Fellow at University of the Arts London's
Decolonising Arts Institute, Associate Artist at the National Centre for
Writing (UK), and UK Associate Artist at Delfina Foundation. Among her honours,
she has been Modern Poetry in Translation's Inaugural Poet-in-Residence,
a UNFPA Indonesian Young Leader Driving Social Change, an Artforum
Must-See, and an NYU Tisch Departmental Fellow. She is author of Rope
(Nine Arches) and Indigenous Species (Tilted Axis), and co-editor of Stairs
and Whispers: D/deaf and Disabled Poets Write Back (Nine Arches). Recent
commissions include the ICA and Southbank Centre, and Okka is finishing an art
and poetry commission for purchase by Wellcome Collection. She has just
published poetry collection Ultimatum Orangutan (Nine Arches).
[Pic description: Black and white photo of an Indonesian woman with short hair, earrings, and a patterned dress, lying down on her front, pen in hand, ready to write. Pic credit: Derrick Kakembo.]
@mailbykite
Annah: Nomenclature at the ICA
https://www.ica.art/on/live/khairani-barokka-annah-nomenclature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsIoIawX01s
https://www.ica.art/on/live/khairani-barokka-performance-qa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ejnAxXS_Yo
Elee Kraljii Gardiner is the author of two poetry books, Trauma Head and serpentine loop, and
editor of the anthologies Against Death: 35 Essays on
Living and V6A: Writing from Vancouver’s
Downtown Eastside. She is a director of Vancouver Manuscript
Intensive. eleekg.com
[Pic description: Selfie taken at arm’s length of a white woman in a blue hoodie with wavy hair wearing a mask with geometric design in grey and navy with splotch of orange in front of blurred multi-coloured bookshelf.]